King Lear

King Lear, who is elderly, wants to retire from power. He decides to divide his realm among his three daughters, and offers the largest share to the one who loves him best. Goneril and Regan both proclaim in fulsome terms that they love him more than anything in the world, which pleases him. For Cordelia, there is nothing to compare her love to, nor words to properly express it; she speaks honestly but bluntly, which infuriates him. In his anger he disinherits her, and divides the kingdom between Regan and Goneril. Kent objects to this unfair treatment. Lear is further enraged by Kent's protests, and banishes him from the country. Cordelia's two suitors enter. Learning that Cordelia has been disinherited, the Duke of Burgundy withdraws his suit, but the King of France is impressed by her honesty and marries her.

Lear announces he will live alternately with Goneril and Regan, and their husbands, the Dukes of Albany and Cornwall respectively. He reserves to himself a retinue of one hundred knights, to be supported by his daughters. Goneril and Regan speak privately, agreeing that Lear is old and foolish.

Edmund resents his illegitimate status, and plots to dispose of his legitimate older brother Edgar. He tricks their father Gloucester with a forged letter, making him think Edgar plans to usurp the estate. Kent returns from exile in disguise under the name of Caius, and Lear hires him as a servant. Lear discovers that now that Goneril has power, she no longer respects him. She orders him to behave better and reduces his retinue. Enraged, Lear departs for Regan's home. The Fool mocks Lear's misfortune. Edmund fakes an attack by Edgar, and Gloucester is completely taken in. He disinherits Edgar and proclaims him an outlaw.

Kent meets Oswald at Gloucester's home, quarrels with him, and is put in the stocks by Regan and her husband Cornwall. When Lear arrives, he objects, but Regan takes the same line as Goneril. Lear is enraged but impotent. Goneril arrives and echoes Regan. Lear yields completely to his rage. He rushes out into a storm to rant against his ungrateful daughters, accompanied by the mocking Fool. Kent later follows to protect him. Gloucester protests against Lear's mistreatment. Wandering on the heath after the storm, Lear meets Edgar, in the guise of Tom o’Beldam, that is, a madman. Edgar babbles madly while Lear denounces his daughters. Kent leads them all to shelter.

Edmund betrays Gloucester to Cornwall, Regan, and Goneril. He shows a letter from his father to the King of France asking for help against them; and in fact a French army has landed in Britain. Gloucester is arrested, and Cornwall gouges out his eyes. As he is doing so, a servant is overcome with rage by what he is witnessing and attacks Cornwall, mortally wounding him. Regan kills the servant, and tells Gloucester that Edmund betrayed him; then she turns him out to wander the heath too. Edgar, in his madman's guise as Tom, meets blinded Gloucester on the heath. Gloucester begs Tom to lead him to a cliff at Dover so that he may jump to his death.

Goneril meets Edmund and discovers that she finds him more attractive than her honest husband Albany, whom she regards as cowardly. Albany is disgusted by the sisters' treatment of Lear, and the mutilation of Gloucester, and denounces Goneril. Kent leads Lear to the French army, which is accompanied by Cordelia. But Lear is half-mad and terribly embarrassed by his earlier follies. Albany leads the British army to meet the French. Regan too is attracted to Edmund, and the two sisters become jealous of each other. Goneril sends Oswald with letters to Edmund and also tells Oswald to kill Gloucester if he sees him. Edgar pretends to lead Gloucester to a cliff, then changes his voice and tells Gloucester he has miraculously survived a great fall. They meet Lear, who is now completely mad. Lear rants that the whole world is corrupt and runs off.

Oswald tries to kill Gloucester but is slain by Edgar. In Oswald's pocket, Edgar finds a letter from Goneril to Edmund suggesting he murder Albany and take his place as her husband. Kent and Cordelia take charge of Lear, whose madness largely passes. Regan, Goneril, Albany, and Edmund meet with their forces. Albany insists that they fight the French invaders but not harm Lear or Cordelia. The two sisters lust for Edmund, who has made promises to both. He considers the dilemma and plots the deaths of Albany, Lear, and Cordelia. Edgar gives Goneril's letter to Albany. The armies meet in battle, the British defeat the French, and Lear and Cordelia are captured. Edmund sends them off with secret orders for execution.

The victorious British leaders meet, and Regan now declares she will marry Edmund. But Albany exposes the intrigues of Edmund and Goneril and proclaims Edmund a traitor. Regan collapses; Goneril has poisoned her. Edmund defies Albany, who calls for a trial by combat. Edgar appears to fight Edmund and fatally stabs him in a duel. Albany shows Goneril's letter to her; she flees in shame and rage. Edgar reveals himself; Gloucester dies offstage from the overwhelming shock and joy of this revelation.

Offstage, Goneril stabs herself and confesses to poisoning Regan. Dying Edmund reveals his order to kill Lear and Cordelia, but it is too late: Cordelia is dead though Lear slew the killer. Lear carries the dead Cordelia in his arms onstage. Lear immediately recognizes Kent. Albany urges Lear to resume his throne, but Lear is too far gone in grief and hardship. Lear collapses and dies. Albany offers to share power between Kent and Edgar. Kent declines, saying that he has to join Lear, hinting at his own suicide. At the end, either Albany or Edgar (depending on whether one reads the Quarto or the Folio version) is crowned King.

Romeo & Juliet

The play, set in Verona, begins with a street brawl between Montague and Capulet supporters who are sworn enemies. The Prince of Verona intervenes and declares that further breach of the peace will be punishable by death. Later, Count Paris talks to Capulet about marrying his daughter, but Capulet is wary of the request because Juliet is only thirteen. Capulet asks Paris to wait another two years and invites him to attend a planned Capulet ball. Lady Capulet and Juliet's nurse try to persuade Juliet to accept Paris's courtship.

Meanwhile, Benvolio talks with his cousin Romeo, Montague's son, about Romeo's recent depression. Benvolio discovers that it stems from unrequited infatuation for a girl named Rosaline, one of Capulet's nieces. Persuaded by Benvolio and Mercutio, Romeo attends the ball at the Capulet house in hopes of meeting Rosaline. However, Romeo instead meets and falls in love with Juliet. After the ball, in what is now called the "balcony scene", Romeo sneaks into the Capulet orchard and overhears Juliet at her window vowing her love to him in spite of her family's hatred of the Montagues. Romeo makes himself known to her and they agree to be married. With the help of Friar Laurence, who hopes to reconcile the two families through their children's union, they are secretly married the next day.

Juliet's cousin Tybalt, incensed that Romeo had sneaked into the Capulet ball, challenges him to a duel. Romeo, now considering Tybalt his kinsman, refuses to fight. Mercutio is offended by Tybalt's insolence, as well as Romeo's "vile submission,"and accepts the duel on Romeo's behalf. Mercutio is fatally wounded when Romeo attempts to break up the fight. Grief-stricken and wracked with guilt, Romeo confronts and slays Tybalt.

Montague argues that Romeo has justly executed Tybalt for the murder of Mercutio. The Prince, now having lost a kinsman in the warring families' feud, exiles Romeo from Verona and declares that if Romeo returns, "that hour is his last." Romeo secretly spends the night in Juliet's chamber, where they consummate their marriage. Capulet, misinterpreting Juliet's grief, agrees to marry her to Count Paris and threatens to disown her when she refuses to become Paris's "joyful bride." When she then pleads for the marriage to be delayed, her mother rejects her.

Juliet visits Friar Laurence for help, and he offers her a drug that will put her into a death-like coma for "two and forty hours." The Friar promises to send a messenger to inform Romeo of the plan, so that he can rejoin her when she awakens. On the night before the wedding, she takes the drug and, when discovered apparently dead, she is laid in the family crypt.

The messenger, however, does not reach Romeo and, instead, Romeo learns of Juliet's apparent death from his servant Balthasar. Heartbroken, Romeo buys poison from an apothecary and goes to the Capulet crypt. He encounters Paris who has come to mourn Juliet privately. Believing Romeo to be a vandal, Paris confronts him and, in the ensuing battle, Romeo kills Paris. Still believing Juliet to be dead, he drinks the poison. Juliet then awakens and, finding Romeo dead, stabs herself with his dagger. The feuding families and the Prince meet at the tomb to find all three dead. Friar Laurence recounts the story of the two "star-cross'd lovers". The families are reconciled by their children's deaths and agree to end their violent feud. The play ends with the Prince's elegy for the lovers: "For never was a story of more woe / Than this of Juliet and her Romeo."

Praktek Bimetal

Bahan-Bahan :

1. Kertas Aluminium

2. Silinder

3. Alas

4. Gunting

5. Lem

Cara Membuat :

1. Tempelkan silinder ke alas

2. Gunting ujung kanan & ujung kiri kertas aluminium

3. Tempel kertas aluminium ke sisi silinder

4. Setelah jadi, letakkan di bawah sinar matahari

5. Jika mau didinginkan, dimasukan ke dalam Freezer

Kesimpulan :

1. Jika dipanaskan, maka bimetalnya bengkok ke kiri

2. Jika didinginkan, maka bimetalnya bengkok ke kanan

Daftar Nama-nama Partai di Indonesia

1.      Partai Hati Nurani Rakyat

2.      Partai Karya Peduli Bangsa

3.      Partai Pengusaha dan Pekerja Indonesia

4.      Partai Peduli Rakyat Nasional

5.      Partai Gerakan Indonesia Raya

6.      Partai Barisan Nasional

7.      Partai Keadilan dan Persatuan Indonesia

8.      Partai Keadilan Sejahtera

9.      Partai Amanat Nasional

10.  Partai Perjuangan Indonesia Baru

11.  Partai Kedaulatan

12.  Partai Persatuan Daerah

13.  Partai Kebangkitan Bangsa

14.  Partai Pemuda Indonesia

15.  Partai Nasional Indonesia Marhaenisme

16.  Partai Demokrasi Pembaruan

17.  Partai Karya Perjuangan

18.  Partai Matahari Bangsa

19.  Partai Penegak Demokrasi Indonesia

20.  Partai Demokrasi Kebangsaan

21.  Partai Republika Nusantara

22.  Partai Pelopor

23.  Partai Golongan Karya

24.  Partai Persatuan Pembangunan

25.  Partai Damai Sejahtera

26.  Partai Nasional Benteng Kerakyatan Indonesia

27.  Partai Bulan Bintang

28.  Partai Demokrasi Indonesia Perjuangan

29.  Partai Bintang Reformasi

30.  Partai Patriot

31.  Partai Demokrat

32.  Partai Kasih Demokrasi Indonesia

33.  Partai Indonesia Sejahtera

34.  Partai Kebangkitan Nasional Ulama

35.  Partai Merdeka

36.  Partai Persatuan Nahdlatul Ummah Indonesia

37.  Partai Sarikat Indonesia

38.  Partai Buruh

Anggar

Sejarah Berdirinya Anggar 

Seni bela diri Anggar dapat diartikan sebagai permainan beladiri yang menggunakan pedang. Karena sebelum adanya bentuk Anggar seperti sekarang, pedang digunakan pada masa Persi, Yunani, Romawi dan Babilonia. Relief yang terdapat di candi Luxor di Mesir menggambarkan adegan pertandingan Anggar sekitar abad 119 sebelum Masehi, menggunakan pedang sebagai alat. Saat itu, permainan pedang juga sudah menggunakan pelindung muka juga pelindung pada ujung pedang agar tidak mencelakakan orang. Disamping itu, ada seorang yang bertugas mencatat hasil pertandingan yang digambarkan dengan indahnya dalam relief tersebut.

Bermula dari pedang yang berat dan pakaian perang, berubah menjadi senjata yang ringan dan langsing sehingga mudah cara menggunakannya, termasuk pakaiannya. Pada abad ke-15 muncul sekolah dan perkumpulan Anggar di Eropa yang menelorkan jago-jago seperti Marxbruder dari Frankfurt. Perkembangan olahraga sangat pesat, sehingga pada abad ke-16 tersebut di seluruh Eropa dan resmikan sebagai permainan Anggar Ranier.

Dengan penekanan pada keterampilan, jago-jago Anggar memadukan dengan gerak tipu olahraga Gulat, sehingga tercipta gerakan serangan ke depan (lunge) yang merupakan Anggar sebagai seni beladiri, kemudian perkembangan lebih lanjut seorang Perancis bernama Hendri St. Didier menciptakan istilah pada gerakan-gerakan Anggar yang hingga kini sebagian besar masih digunakan. Dan meskipun bangsa-bangsa lain menggunakan bahasanya masing-masing, namun dalam percaturan internasional banyak digunakan istilah Hendri St. Didier. Bentuk pedang yang diciptakan oleh Koeningsmarken dari Polandia memberi inspirasi terciptanya jenis senjata : Floret, Sabel dan Degen.

Pada abad ke-17, perubahan pakaian terjadi, yaitu semasa Louis XIV menggunakan model pakaian dari sutera satin, jas panjang brokat dan celana sampai lutut (breches) dengan kaos kaki panjang dari sutera dan sepatu bertumit tinggi. Sedangkan penemuan topeng kira-kira pada tahun 1780 oleh seorang master Perancis, La Boessiere menyebabkan adanya perubahan dalam teknik beranggar. Istilah-istilah seperti Remise, Counter repaste redoublement bisa terjadi tanpa bahaya yang berlebihan.

Permainan Anggar pada sat itu merupakan bagian yang paling penting dari pendidikan setiap orang terhormat sebelum masuk Olympiade seperti kita lihat sekarang. Pertandingan Anggar memasuki acara sejak Olympiade pertama tahun 1986 dan pada tahun 1924 nomor puteri untuk pertama kalinya dipertandingkan.

  

Anggar di Indonesia Khususnya di DKI Jakarta

Pada tahun 1951 merupakan awal berdirinya organisasi Anggar di Indonesia dengan nama IPADI (Ikatan Pemain Anggar di Indonesia) dengan Ketua Umum Dr. Singgih dan Sekretaris Umum Rusman Rukmantoro. Ketika PON I tahun 1948, olahraga Anggar masuk dalam acara eksibisi, dan baru pada PON II setelah berdirinya IPADI, Anggar masuk cabang olahraga resmi yang dipertandingkan sampai sekarang.

Tahun 1953 diadakan Kejuaraan Nasional (Kejurnas) yang pertama di Jakarta serta Kongres, kemudian memilih R.A. Kosasih sebagai Ketua Umum dan Ong Sik Lok sebagai Sekjen, dan nama IPADI berubah menjadi IKASI (Ikatan Anggar Seluruh Indonesia), berkedudukan di Bandung.

Peraturan Pertandingan

Dalam olahraga Anggar ada tiga macam jenis senjata yang dipertandingkan yaitu :
1. Floret untuk putera dan puteri
2. Sabel khusus untuk putera
3. Degen khusus untuk putera

Penggunaan dari ketiga jenis senjata tersebut berbeda disamping bentuk serta bidang sasaran yang harus diserang. Perbedaan tersebut dapat diuraikan sebagai berikut :

Floret

1. Bentuknya langsing, lentur dan ringan, ujungnya datar atau bulat tumpul dan berpegas, bila ditusukan dapat naik/turun, berfungsi seperti shakelar/tombol, hal ini terutama digunakan untuk floret listrik.

2. Pelindung tangannya kecil cukup untuk melindungi bagian tangan saja. Bagian atas diberi isolasi.

3. Penggunaannya : bagian bahwa senjata untuk menangkis dan menekan, ujungnya untuk menusuk.

4. Bidang sasaran yang harus diserang adalah bagian togok yaitu : dari pangkal paha ke atas sampai pangkal lengan dan leher.

Sabel

1. Bentuknya segitiga dengan sudut tidak tajam, seperti parang kecil/tipis, makin ke atas makin pipih dengan ujung ditekuk, supaya tidak runcing. Dengan pelindung tangan penuh menutupi seluruh tangan sampai pangkal tangkai.

2. Penggunaannya : bagian bawah untuk menangkis dan bagian atas untuk memarang serta ujungnya digunakan untuk menusuk.

3. Bidang sasaran yang diserang mulai dari panggul ke atas sampai kepala dan seluruh lengan.

Degen

1. Bentuknya : segitiga berparit yang digunakan untuk memasang kabel, pada pangkal tebal sampai ke ujung makin kecil, namun kuat agak kaku. Ujungnya datar bersih serta berpegas yang berfungsi sebagai tombol pada waktu menusuk. Pelindung tangannya besar.

2. Penggunaannya untuk menangkis pada bagian bawah serta untuk menusuk dengan ujungnya.

3. Bidang sasaran yang diserang : seluruh tubuh dari ujung kaki sampai kepala dan seluruh tangan.

Untuk membuat nilai (point) : pemain harus melakukan serangan yang tepat pada bidang sasaran yang telah ditentukan untuk tiap jenis senjata seperti yang tersebut di atas dan pada gambar. Namun demikian ada ketentuan hak bagi pemain yang menentukan serangannya yang berhasil yaitu :

1. Untuk Floret dan Sabel pemain yang lebih dahulu mengambil inisiatif untuk menyerang, dia yang berhak, tetapi bila seranggannya dapat ditangkis atau dihindarkan, maka haknya sebagai penyerang hilang dan lawannya yang mempunyai hak. Hal ini bila sampai terjadi keduanya membuat serangan yang tepat, pemain yang berhak itu yang mendapatkan nilai/point.

2. Untuk Degen : siapa saja yang lebih cepat menyerang atau menusuk dan tepat ke sasaran, maka dia yang mendapatkan point/nilai. Bila keduannya tepat, maka keduanya mendapat nilai.

Untuk menentukan pemenang pada permainan Anggar ialah :

1. Pemain yang mendapat point/angka 5 terlebih dahulu.

2. Pemain yang telah leading angkanya dan waktu yang ditentukan telah habis. Permainan Anggar ini dilaksanakan dengan waktu 5 menit dan angka yang harus dicapai 5. Maka bagi pemain seperti pada butir 2 tersebut dinyatakan menang. Angka yang didapat oleh pemain-pemain ditambah sampai yang menang mendapat angka 5.

Contoh : A lawan B skor : 2 – 3 untuk B dan waktu habis, maka angka B : 5 dan A : 4 berarti B menang.

3. Bilamana angka sama dan waktunya habis, maka dipertandingkan dengan waktu tidak terbatas sampai salah satu mendapatkan angka tambahan : 1.